Thursday, August 21, 2014

August 18, 2014


August 18, 2014

Surprisingly our country’s most populous state, California, is also one of our most uninhabited. Vast sections of the state are almost devoid of people because they are too mountainous or too dry or oftentimes both. We spend the whole day driving, crossing first California’s Mojave Desert and then Arizona’s Sonoran Desert arriving back in Tucson in the late afternoon. The only water on the whole journey was the thin green strip of the Colorado River. We arrived home late in the afternoon. Our one tourist stop was an I-40 drive-by photo of Pisgah volcano.

August 17, 2014

August 17, 2014

We are ready to head back to our home in Tucson, AZ. From Pismo Beach, CA we cross the coastal mountains and make a brief stop at Carrizo Plain National Monument. We entered the southern gate of this large enclosed grassland plain. Unfortunately the Visitor Center for this BLM-managed monument is only open during the winter, so we don’t go very far. The San Andreas Fault runs the length of the park. The effect of this sliding transform fault is plainly visible at Carrizo, with the fault like a road cut between the mountain ranges.

We continued east crossing the San Joaquin Valley with its many citrus groves and garden vegetable fields, like onions and carrots. All these farms need huge numbers of migrant laborers to pick the crops. So it is appropriate that once across, we climb into the Tehachapi Mountains and stop at Cesar Chavez National Monument. This park was added by the presidential proclamation of Obama in 2012. I guess it was the honoring of one community organizer by another.

This site is the headquarters of the United Farm Workers union and the gravesite of Chavez. We watch the lengthy park film but it is very poor with little history. It is mostly about several friends saying how wonderful and caring Chavez was. From a Google search, I learned Chavez helped organize the Hispanic migrant workers. Apparently he was initially very successful but his over-controlling leadership-style ultimately limited the movement’s results. Surprisingly he was aggressively anti-immigrant because he felt illegal workers weakened the union bargaining power. We took a quick run through the room of photos, looked at his grave, and continued our journey east.

A hundred miles east in the Mojave Desert, we see a sign for a Borax Visitor Center in the little town of Boron, CA. An air-conditioned tourist spot is a great excuse to stretch the legs when crossing the desert. The Visitor Center turns out to be associated with the US Borax production plant and sits high on a hill overlooking the facility. We watched their movie and then perused the exhibits. The factory sits on an ancient dry lakebed where Mother Nature concentrated boron compounds for millions of years. Now borax crystals are mined from a huge open pit and then purified. Aimee and I laugh at the many now famous stars who cameo’ed in the TV show Death Valley Days and its 20 Mule Team Borax corporate sponsor.

Overheating we stop for the night at a private campground just east of Barstow, CA. Fortunately it has a pool that we jump into to cool off.

Tuesday, August 19, 2014

August 16, 2014


August 16, 2014

If we were looking for cool weather, we found it. It is downright cold on California’s coast. I am not sure I would live here, but Pismo Beach is a great respite from the summer heat.

We took a second long walk on the beach. We are intrigued by the sea life washing ashore. There is even a dead seal. Big piles of kelp are scattered along the shore. Some of the kelp has thick long hollow rubbery tubes that are incredibly strong; others are flat sheets of yellow. Kelp has to be Mother Nature’s version of the first plastic.

Hundreds of sand dollars also litter the beach. On the walk back we load up with four handfuls of sand dollars. We will have to figure out how to bleach them. There is also some strange blue rubber sea creature with a cellophane-like sail attached. (A later Google search tells us it is a Velella, commonly known as a Sea Raft, that floats on the ocean surface).

August 15, 2014

August 15, 2014

From the San Joaquin Valley of California, we took the highway south heading for home.  Since we are not ready for hot weather yet, we make a detour west.  Leaving California’s breadbasket valley we cross the dry coastal mountains.  After almost two hours of winding narrow roads, we hit the Pacific Ocean in Pismo Beach.  I have always wanted to camp on the beach so I head straight for the beach access and pay for a one-night stay.  I head down onto the compacted sand and Aimee has a heart attack.  She is positive we will be swept to sea over night.  To prevent a family breakup, I do a U-turn and head back to the road.  With some difficulty we find a very expensive site at the local state park.

To see what we missed Aimee and I take a walk along the beach.  There is a constant stream of motorhomes of every style arriving; many are pulling dirt bikes, dune buggies and ATVs.  The line of beach campers stretches for several miles.  And we are missing the party!

Saturday, August 16, 2014

August 14, 2014

August 14, 2014

From Sacramento, CA we drive through heavy rush hour traffic toward San Francisco. We are heading there to see Port Chicago Naval Magazine National Memorial, a site that sits on an active naval base. It has limited public access because it is a munitions loading port. It is only open a handful of days a year. Several weeks ago in Idaho, I checked the park website and discovered it would be open today; we quickly signed up and rerouted our trip to go past the bay area.

Our meeting point is the John Muir National Historic Site in the suburb of Martinez. We arrive early so we have a chance to visit the remodeled Visitor Center and watch the park movie. John Muir, the founder of the Sierra Club, is considered by some to be the father of the National Park System.

At 12:30 we meet for the Port Chicago tour. The park ranger starts with a ten-minute film about the event. During WWII Port Chicago was the primary spot where munitions were loaded onto ships for transport to the Pacific theater. Because it was a dangerous and backbreaking job, it was assigned exclusively to Negro troops. Like all tasks during war, it was rushed, short cuts were taken, and safety precautions often ignored. As a result a massive explosion occurred on July 17, 1944. 320 sailors and civilians were killed, the majority black. The surviving black troops were ordered to start loading again with no change in procedures. They refused. Even after threat of death by firing squad, 50 remained adamant. They were court-martialed and sentenced to prison.

After the movie, we were driven by the park service onto the nearby base. The remnants of the destroyed wharf still sit offshore with a memorial built onshore. The ranger talk gave us more details of the munitions loading process and the aftermath of the event. The tragic details remind me that more Americans lost their lives during WWII from accidents than at the hands of the enemy. This includes my uncle who was killed while constructing a base in the Pacific. My father had a near death experience when his brand-new bomber developed an engine oil leak over Oklahoma on the way to the Pacific.

From the Bay area we left town in heavy traffic and spent the night at a private park in Santa Nella, CA.

August 13, 2014

August 13, 2014

From Corning we continued south to Sacramento, the capital of California. In the evening an old roommate of mine from the University of Illinois picked us up for dinner. It probably has been almost thirty years since we last saw each other. Can I really be that old?

We had a delicious dinner with our wives in Old Sacramento overlooking the Sacramento River. After dinner they gave us the dime tour of this restored area. We are pleasantly surprised how nice and big and historic it is. We will have to come back again during the daytime.

Sacramento hit the big time during the California Gold Rush.  John Sutter had a wharf here at the confluence of the Sacramento and American Rivers.  It turned into the major transfer point for supplies going in and gold coming out.  As with all gold rushes, the people who made it rich were those that provided the mining supplies here and in San Francisco.  Today Sacramento is affectionately named Sac-a-tomato for all the tomato processing done here.  Tomatoes decorate local highways near every pothole and sharp curve.

Thursday, August 14, 2014

August 12, 2014

August 12, 2014

From Castella, CA we drove south on I-5 past an almost empty Lake Shasta. The severe drought California is experiencing must be the culprit. The hundreds of houseboats aren’t stranded yet but they look unusable.

Farther along we stop in Corning, CA for the night. Corning is the self-proclaimed “Olive Capital” so we feel compelled to stop at an olive store for tasting. We tasted more varieties of olives, olive oils and spreads than I thought existed. I was disappointed there wasn’t any info on how olives are preserved or why the different colors. I guess I need an olive museum for that.

Tuesday, August 12, 2014

August 11, 2014


August 11, 2014

From Chiloquin, OR we drove south two hours along a river valley that cuts through the Cascades Mountains.  For most of it the snow-capped peak of Mt Shasta loomed ahead of our route.  While not the tallest of the Cascades it is the biggest since it arises out of a lower valley than the rest.  If only it wasn’t hazed by forest fire smoke.

Just past Mt Shasta, we stopped for the night at Castle Crags State Park.  After we chose an overpriced dry camping site, Aimee and I took a long uphill walk to the “cars only” vista point.  Aimee continues to heal.  She made it the two plus miles with little complaint.  The “crags” are the heavily eroded spires of a very old granite upwelling.  Interestingly I “hiked” to the base of this geologic beauty on our health club’s new elliptical exercise machines.  Castle Crags was one of the “simulated hike” videos available.

August 10, 2014

August 10, 2014

From Prineville, OR we traveled west a short way till we finally found some flat land. We took this wide valley south past the popular town of Bend. About an hour south of Bend we left the valley and ascended into the volcanic snow-capped Cascades once again. Our destination today is Crater Lake National Park. We have been here before but I was hoping to improve my photos. That isn’t going to happen. Wildfires in the area are making the scenery hazy. I remember our first look at Crater Lake; we were amazed at the intensity of the blue water. The haze makes it much less impressive.

Crater Lake is an old volcano that blew its top 7700 years ago. It expelled so much magma the center collapsed into a perfect ring. The caldera eventually filled up with snowmelt producing North America’s deepest lake. We travel one side of the ring road stopping at a few overlooks. The wind seems to be blowing some of the haze away. Aimee and I try to get our picture taken with Crater Lake but prove unlucky. The first person we asked was deaf and couldn’t understand us. The second turned out to be an Amish boy who probably never used a camera.

After several hours we left the park looking for a forest campground. Unfortunately it was filled with firefighters. Farther along we happened upon an amateur rodeo contest. It seemed everyone with a horse was competing in this calf-roping event. Aimee was not impressed; not a single young cowboy in tight jeans was to be seen. The contestants were either female or middle-aged and beer-bellied.

In Chiloquin, OR we spent the night at another Indian casino.

Monday, August 11, 2014

August 9, 2014

August 9, 2014

From Pendleton, OR we traveled south thru country that started out as dry grass ranchland but quickly turned into steep forested creek valleys. It was scenic but the very winding roads made for slow progress. Turning west didn’t help. Eventually after more than three hours we arrived at the main unit of John Day Fossil Beds National Monument. Like Washington and Idaho, eastern Oregon has seen significant volcanic activity over the last 50 million years. Here much of the early deposits were ash-like burying and preserving a wide variety of mammal and plant life over a very long geologic window.

We first do a short hike along the Island in Time trail into the heart of Blue Basin. The ash bed here is hundreds of feet thick and has eroded into a rock amphitheater with a bright blue-green color. Afterwards we head to the Visitor Center to see fossils being delicately exposed. We then wander through the museum which has lots of examples of the wide variety of fossils found here.

From John Day, we travel east to Prineville, where we get a nice lakeside campsite at a county park. After dinner, we sit and watch the full moon rise over the lake surface. The weather is delightfully cool and dry. A great night to sit out and enjoy nature.

August 8, 2014

August 8, 2014

Our first stop this morning was just a few miles away at the Hanford Reach Visitor Center in Richland, WA. The first half of the museum was about the geology of the region, which we had heard several times. It then went into the Manhattan Project. Hanford played a crucial role as the production plant for plutonium. Hanford was selected as the site, because it was sparsely populated, near a major river for cooling (Columbia) and had lots of excess power (newly constructed Grand Coulee dam). The plutonium was used in the second atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan. Richland was the new city where the scientists were housed.

While the reactor has not operated in many years, there is even more people working there on decontamination fifty years after it shutdown. Unfortunately the employees have an incentive to drag out the cleanup, so it is likely to continue ad infinitum. The Hanford Reach land that surrounds the facility was declared a National Monument as a security and contamination buffer.

Continuing east we stop briefly at the Frenchtown Historic Site before continuing on to nearby Whitman Mission National Historic Site.  Aimee and I learn about the interesting human-interest story in the Visitor Center before walking the former mission grounds.  The Whitmans, caught up in the Protestant Revival movement in upstate New York, were inspired to become missionaries.  After an arranged marriage they traveled west to this site in 1836 to proselytize the Cayuse Indians.  It was a difficult, grueling, and ultimately unsuccessful endeavor.  Their only daughter drowned at age two.  They adopted seven children orphaned along the Oregon Trail.  During their eleven-year tenure, the Cayuse were decimated by disease.  The Whitmans ended up being blamed and were tomahawked in 1847.

Friday, August 08, 2014

August 7, 2014


August 7, 2014

We spent the whole day modernizing the front-end suspension on our home.  I guess that is one of the downsides of driving a now “vintage” motor home.  Luckily the repair shop was next door to several big box stores.

August 6, 2014

August 6, 2014

Despite the greater Seattle area having a bad reputation for a rainy climate, Whidbey Island, where we spent the last three nights, is in the “rain shadow” of the Olympic Mountains. So this little area is drier and cooler than the rest of the region. I guess that explains why it is so popular and crowded. We would like to enjoy the great weather longer but we have an appointment in San Francisco.

We spent most of the day driving southeast across the state. Our one tourist stop was at Snoqualmie Falls. It is crowded but they have dedicated RV parking. The falls is not as impressive as it should be since most of the flow is diverted to a hydroelectric plant. Snoqualmie was one of the first hydroelectric plants in the country having been constructed in 1898. It also starred in the 1990 TV show “Twin Peaks”.

We drove longer than we anticipated because we ran into an active wildfire. It was being fanned by fierce winds that also buffeted our home. The state park we planned to stay at was closed. We ended up staying in Richland, WA.

August 5, 2014


August 5, 2014

Today we are up early and on the move. We drive the car to Anacortes, WA. There we get in line for the 9 AM ferry. We are very early so we relax and read a little. Once aboard, it is an hour to Friday Harbor on San Juan Island, one of many glacier carved islands in the Puget Sound.

Once we disembark, we drive to the far south end of the 15-mile long island. There we find the American Camp of San Juan Island National Historical Park. We watch the movie and peruse the exhibit, to learn that this island was the focus of a boundary dispute between the US and Britain. A pig was killed in anger in 1859 and both sides sent troops to the island to reinforce their claim to the land. It languished this way in peace until after the Civil War when the German Kaiser mediating a settlement gave the San Juan Islands to America. It is not the most momentous piece of history but the park makes the best of it. I hike around the mostly windswept area where the American soldiers encamped before heading north to the English camp.  Aimee on the other hand got a private ranger tour on the handicap cart.

On the way we stop at a Lavender farm. This little farm has some small lavender fields, a store full of lavender products but for me most interestingly, a bunch of displays on the processing and extraction of the Lavender Essential Oil.

We also stop at an Alpaca farm. I take some pictures of flowers in the entrance way while Aimee shops for wool. She is disappointed to find most of it comes not from this farm, but from Peru.

Around the corner we enter the English Camp and walk the grounds. In comparison this place is heaven. The site is heavily wooded, along a pretty bay, and the parade ground has a beautiful English garden.


Back in Friday Harbor, we leave the car in the return ferry line and head around the corner for a quick lunch.  We finish in time to load the car on the ferry.  The return journey provides us good views of Mt Baker.  Too bad it is a volcano waiting to erupt.

When we arrive at our RV park we are surprised to find the place hopping. I am thinking the residents are throwing us a farewell party but it seems the adjoining park is having a combination Vintage Car rally and National Night Out. National Night Out is some movement that is devoted to safer communities. Every type of police force seems to have a booth setup. I am most curious of the ATF display of IEDs and bombs. The Border Patrol has a helicopter which leaves as we arrive. Probably a good thing as I was going to berate them for not doing a better job keeping the Canadians from crowding the highways and RV parks. We have a burger dinner from one of the charity vendors.

Thursday, August 07, 2014

August 4, 2014




August 4, 2014

Aimee’s knee is much better, but she is still walking very slowly.  To make it easier to explore this area of Puget Sound, we rent a car this morning.  With it we drive the two hours to Klondike Gold Rush National Historic Park in downtown Seattle.  Not expecting much after yesterday, I was pleasantly surprised to find a crowded and interesting little museum set in a restored Gold Rush-era hotel.  We watch two films and run through the exhibits that illuminate the 1897 Klondike Gold Rush and Seattle’s major staging role in it.  We heard most of the story before in Skagway, AK but it is still mind boggling what these gold seekers endured to reach the Yukon.  Of the 100,000 only one fifth actually managed to search for gold.  The gold fever was so severe the mayor of Seattle joined in, telegraphing his resignation en-route. Some of the more famous participants were Jack London and John Nordstrom.

On the drive back I started cursing the heavy midday traffic.  Looking closer, I was surprised to discover about one in three cars was from Canada.  Back at the RV park, I did an informal survey and found most of my neighbors are also Canadian, specifically from British Columbia.  In quizzing one talkative neighbor I am shocked to find he lives only a few miles over the border.  Despite the interrogation, I still got no good answer for why he spends the summer here.  Have all these Canadians figured out how to get on the US dole like our southern neighbors from Mexico and Central America?

August 3, 2014

August 3, 2014

From Newhalem, WA in the North Cascades, we packed up and continued west toward the coast. We made a short detour to Baker Lake, a large lake that sits just to the east of Mt Baker. I wanted to get a good view of this almost 11,000 foot volcano mountain but it seems we haven’t escaped the haze of the widespread forest fires.

Continuing west we finally hit the Pacific Ocean in Anacortes, WA on the island of Fidalgo in Puget Sound. There we make a left turn and cross over to Whidbey Island. This area is popular and crowded with tourists.

I am following my GPS to Ebey’s Landing National Historic Reserve. Unfortunately it leads me nowhere. I also haven’t seen any signage. That is disconcerting. Fortunately I spy a tourism office in the little town. The attendant never heard of the place but I spot the park brochure on his wall. We use it to find an old house that sometimes is manned. I do a little walking around the area to see the shoreline, but this park is a joke. So depressing. After reading the brochure and hitting the Internet, Ebey’s Landing is a “stealth” park. It was only formed because some influential locals didn’t want their rural backyard to be developed and got the Feds to donate money to buy up property to stymie change. There is no significant history or scenery here to justify any national park status. They purposely haven’t put up signs and the rangers don’t wear park uniforms because they don’t want tourists.

So far most of the many campgrounds are full, but we find a municipal park just to the north that is not only moderately priced but has lots of availability.

Wednesday, August 06, 2014

August 2, 2014

August 2, 2014

We slept in this morning enjoying the fact we know we are here for two days. After breakfast we went to the Visitor Center, tried to watch most of the park movie (pretty lame) and got the alternatives for actually setting foot in the North Cascades National Park. The Visitor Center and campgrounds are actually in Ross Lake NRA and North Cascades National Park lies on either side of this Skagit River gorge. None of our options are too good without a four-wheel drive vehicle. There are a few hikes but because the North Cascades are so vertical, the shortest hike is still straight up.

We drive back up the highway a few miles to the Sourdough Mountain trailhead. The hike is only three miles to the park boundary but it is steep and unrelenting. We are drenched in sweat.  Several times I think we should turn around, but we persevere. It doesn’t help that we are getting old and probably not in the best shape. After 2.5 hours the park sign appears as a miracle. Looking out at the vista it seems we are almost equal with the snowy peaks of the neighboring mountains. We finished our lunch and started picking some of the huckleberries around us. Just then Aimee spots a bear also grazing in the huckleberries, so I stash our bag of berries in Aimee’s fanny pack and she makes a beeline down the trail. Because of the steepness it almost takes us as long to descend. Unfortunately near the bottom Aimee takes a tumble banging her knees pretty good. She makes it out all right but is in significant pain a couple hours later after her right knee swells up.

Tuesday, August 05, 2014

August 1, 2014

August 1, 2014

We woke up at dawn with the fisherman. I understand, you gotta get out early when the fish are biting. We stayed in bed another hour and then got on the road. Backtracking to Pateros, WA we visit a fruit stand we noticed last night. We were hoping to buy some apples, but we are told only baking apples are ripe. But they do have some apple cinnamon rolls just out of the oven. Just in time for breakfast! Delicious!

Talking to the clerk, we find the big fire, largest in Washington State history, went through this area just two weeks ago and devastated the region. It was a sagebrush and grass fire that spread so fast most people had little chance to prepare. 300 houses were lost. From Pateros we drove past much of the destruction. Much of the area is burned completely out. The only things untouched are the orchards that line the riverbanks. They get enough irrigation that the fires stopped at the edges.
After making it through the burned area, we come to the cute town of Winthrop. The little town is done up just like western towns in the movies. We are in no hurry so we stop and do some shopping. One store has some hard cider made from Chelan apples so we buy some. I’ll take hard cider over fresh apples any day.

From Winthrop we head west into the Cascade Mountains. At Washington Pass we stop at the overlook and have lunch. The mountains are steep and beautiful but still smoky from ongoing fires. Descending from the top we decide we need some exercise so we stop and do a two mile hike to Rainy Lake. This alpine lake is also pretty but hazy.

Continuing west we enter Lake Ross National Recreation Area. We stop at the overlook, and happen upon a ranger ready to give his talk. It is about how the North Cascades Mountains are so steep that they separated the two Indian cultures and the two biological ecosystems on each side. The Skagit River drops so steeply through a gorge that it was a prime choice for harvesting hydroelectric power. Three dams were constructed producing three lakes. The middle one, Diablo Lake, has the brilliant teal color, common to all glacier-fed lakes. The ranger tells us that the North Cascades has most of the glaciers in the lower 48 states.

We stop at the campground here and find it full! Uhoh! It is Friday afternoon at a National Park. That spells trouble. I try talking to anybody I can find to no avail. They send us on. We head to the next campground and it is the same story. This time I refuse to leave and badger the poor novice ranger until she admits there is some overflow camping in the picnic area for emergency. I almost give her a hug.

July 31, 2014

July 31, 2014

This morning we rise early and drive an hour west. Since leaving Idaho, we have been passing through huge expanses of golden wheat fields ready for harvest. Near the Columbia River we descend down into the river gorge with its walls of exposed volcanic rock. We cross the bridge and head up the other side to the little town of Chelan, Washington. It is like the Wizard of Oz when it suddenly went color. Chelan is a popular tourist town at one end of another long ribbon lake. We are here to visit Lake Chelan National Recreation Area. It sits on the far opposite end from the city of Chelan. The only access is either floatplane, a very long mountainous hike, or a daylong boat ride. We opt for the boat.

With some difficulty we find the office for “Lady of the Lake” and buy round trip tickets. Thinking this was just a National Park shuttle we are surprised how many people join us. On the ride we learn more about the Lake. Unlike Roosevelt, Lake Chelan is not man-made. It was carved by glaciers plowing down the east side of the snowy Cascade Mountains. At 1486 feet deep, it is the third deepest lake in North America. Lake Chelan with its steep walls is like an inland fjord.

Roads follow each side of the lake about halfway and are filled with large summer homes each with a boat dock. For being in the middle of nowhere, this is a very popular Washington spot. In between the million-dollar homes are numerous apple orchards and vineyards.

After four hours we make it the fifty miles to the isolated community of Stehekin (rhymes with Mohican). Stehekin has several miles of road, but they do not connect with the outside world. We immediately join a bus tour with a National Park ranger. Since we are the only ones to sign up, we get a private tour of the area. Our first stop is a few miles away at Rainbow Falls. It is a beautiful 300-foot waterfall. We also stop at the town’s original two-room schoolhouse. The new one is no bigger and has only a hand full of elementary students. After the tour we stop in the Visitor Center for the short film. One of the rangers told us she and her husband have lived in this very isolated community for twenty-three years!

After our ninety-minute stop in Stehekin, it is back on the boat for the four-hour return journey. The scenery of Lake Chelan is beautiful, but eight hours of it on a slow boat is a little tedious. Back in the town of Chelan, we find the local RV park has no vacancy. So we punt and head up the Columbia River gorge. There is almost a constant line of apple orchards lining the river. I knew Washington state grew apples, I guess I didn’t think they only grew them along the riverbanks of the dry eastern half of the state.

In Pateros, WA we find the state park to be closed because of wildfires. We continue driving to the municipal park in Brewster, and find this campground overflowing. At first we think it is filled with what looks like fire response crews, but turns out to be fisherman here for a King Salmon derby. Overflow dry camping is in an adjacent parking lot. We pull in next to several boat trailers and call it a night. If only I had my fishing tackle and a boat, I would be set.

Sunday, August 03, 2014

July 30, 2014

July 30, 2014

From Osburn, ID we drove a half hour west to Coeur d’Alene. It is a pretty city, sitting astride a large lake in the mountains. We have fond memories of our last visit in 2007. Unfortunately the area is experiencing a heat wave and the elevation is not as high up and cool as we remembered. Because of that we decide to head to the Pacific coast. We do a little of the scenic drive around the lake (and watch a dog playing fetch in the water) before heading west into Washington.

We stop at the confluence of the Spokane and Columbia Rivers at the Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area. With the construction of the Grand Coulee Dam in 1941, this section of the Columbia River was converted into a very long thin lake. Besides the recreational opportunities, the National Park also manages the historic Fort Spokane located here. The park Visitor Center is located in the old fort guardhouse. It contains a museum dedicated to the fort’s history. The fort was built in 1880 to prevent violence between Indian Reservations and incoming settlers. That objective only lasted ten years. It was then converted into an Indian School. Hoping to integrate young Indians into civilized modern society, the Indians were forced to send their children to this boarding school far from their home. Unsurprisingly it failed miserably. No child wants to grow up without parents.

Because of the heat we keep moving west and spend the night along side the Columbia River in the town of Coulee City, WA. I take a dip in the chilly river to cool off. Ominously the sunset is ablaze with color. A neighbor tells me it is because of wild fires to our west, the direction we are headed tomorrow.

July 29, 2014

July 29, 2014

From our Forest Service campground, it is only a few more miles to Lolo Pass on the Idaho/Montana border. There we stop at the Visitor Center and watch a short video on Lewis and Clark's journey along the Lolo Trail. We do a short hike around the meadow and then head down Lolo Creek. Lolo Creek is one of the few breaks in the steep Bitterroot Mountains making it the natural location for an Indian Trail crossing the Continental Divide connecting east and west. Lewis and Clark were lucky the Shoshone gave them horses and pointed out the trail.

In the Bitterroot River valley below, we skirt Missoula, MT, turning left and catching Interstate 90 back across the Bitterroots Mountains. In Idaho we stop in Osburn and stay at a private park. We finally have Internet and cell phone service again.
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